An Exploration of Gothic Horror Stories Essay - 1832 Words

An Exploration of Gothic Horror Stories Gothic horror is a type of romantic, horror fiction based on irrational fear that predominated in 18th century England. The term gothic originated from the architectural style of the middle ages, but came to describe the dark, terrifying tales that achieved such popularity. Gothic horror can be determined by many things which exist in all gothic horror stories, for example eerie settings such as gothic monasteries, bleak comfortless castles, grave yards and cobwebbed rooms lit by guttering candles. It can also be determined by a unique character such as a beast, monster, ghost, evil creature and innocent person. Usually the innocent person is killed†¦show more content†¦All three stories were written in the 19th century. They were all set at the same time when they were written. This is a good effect because at the time when they were written, horror stories containing superstition and the macabre were popular because the people at that time believed in witchcraft, ghosts and demons. The location of the action is of great importance in the gothic novel because it creates an atmosphere and feeling to the story. The Judges House is located in the dining room of an old, quiet and isolated house. An old, rambling, heavy built house, this creates a scary atmosphere thus matching the typical setting of a gothic horror story. It goes on to describe the dining room as a, room in darkness, this also creates a scary and terrifying atmosphere because you cant see in the dark and you dont know whats in the dark, this also is an essential gothic horror element because darkness creates a creepy and scary atmosphere. The Tell Tale Heart is located in a house that is probably old as a lantern is used by the narrator, this creates a scary atmosphere like the Judges House because you cant see in the dark and you dont know what is in the darkness so the reader imagines things that create the scary atmosphere,Show MoreRelatedTwas a Dark and Stormy Night: The Gothic Style of the Arts Essay763 Words   |  4 Pages The Gothic style of the arts carries with it a specific charm and allure that breaks from the darkness, the repulsion of some of its more amoral subjects and twists then into mystifying shadows that swallow the shallow subconscious - consume it with the intrigue of mystery and suspense of constructed horror. Though visions of the true Gothic nature have fallen out of fashion in more recents years, with the rise of teen subgenres in writing and popcorn flicks to appease the masses in the theatresRead MoreThe American Gothic in The Fall of the House of Usher by Edgar Allan Poe1539 Words   |  7 Pageseighteenth century brought about the beginning of a new genre of literature in America; the American Gothic. Already a popular genre in Europe, this new strain of literature in America arose to create a rather abrupt contrast to the Enlightenment foundations upon which American was born. Instead of concerning subjects of liberty and the pursuit of happiness; key elements of the American dream, American Gothic literature embodies and gives voice to the dark nightmare that is the underside of the AmericanRead MoreEvolution of Horror Essays1497 Words   |  6 Pages2013 The Evolution of Horror For centuries, stories of monsters, demons and other unholy abominations have brought fear to the hearts of audiences in commercially convenient doses. Noel Carroll, Ph.D., in his article â€Å"The Nature of Horror†, argues that the existence of monsters and supernatural entities alone do not define a horror novel or film â€Å"for monsters inhabit all sorts of stories, such as fairy tales, myths, and odysseys, that we are not wont to identify as horror† (Carroll). One can thereforeRead MoreThe Fall Of The House Of Usher1651 Words   |  7 PagesRomantic and Transcendentalist (and anti-Transcendentalist) traits. All of these authors are regarded as very important and influential Romantic writers. Their works are renowned all across the entire world. â€Å"The Fall of the House of Usher† is a Gothic short story written by Edgar Allen Poe, which focuses on exploring the psychology of the primary character, Roderick. Hawthorne’s â€Å"The Minister’s Black Veil† is a grim tale featuring a minister who begins wearing a black veil everywhere he goes - a metaphorRead MoreEssay for Gothic Genre817 Words   |  4 Pagesâ€Å"How do your texts relate to the characteristics of the Gothic Genre?† The Gothic literature movement began in the late 19th century and was a derivative of the Romantic Movement. Writers of the Gothic Genre were focused on drawing on the emotions of the reader and creating an atmosphere of suspense, mystery, terror and dread. The writers also emphasized the supernatural, and how horror can be present in many everyday situations. Gothic texts also place emphasis on emotions such as agitationRead MoreHow Does the Use of Setting and Imagery Affect the Readers Understanding of Dr. Jekll and Mr Hide?1190 Words   |  5 Pagesstructure of the narrative. Furthermore, the setting of the story will be another focus which exploits the generic convention which reflects the social anxiety behind the story at the time. I will examine the generic convention of the narrative as urban gothic, in association with the setting of the story, which creates the atmosphere of mystery. I will then demonstrate the structure of the narrative as a crucial manipulation throughou t the story; in other words, the arrangement of the series of fictionalRead MoreThe Lord Of The Screw And Northanger Abbey1635 Words   |  7 Pagesinnocent heroine in gothic literature is, primarily, to follow her curiosity into the deepest, darkest corners of an appropriate gothic setting, uncover some awful secret contained therein, and do a lot of running around in her nightgown to be saved at the appropriate moment by a strong, capable suitor. In both Northanger Abbey by Jane Austen, and The Turn of the Screw by Henry James this trope is challenged, with both books presenting us with a slightly different version of the gothic heroine. NorthangerRead More Taking The Castle of Otranto as your example, outline the main conventions1454 Words   |  6 Pagesexample, outline the main conventions of the Gothic novel, and show how your knowledge of Taking The Castle of Otranto as your example, outline the main conventions of the Gothic novel, and show how your knowledge of these conventions affects your reading of Northanger Abbey. Is Northanger Abbey most accurately described as parody of the Gothic genre, or is there a more complicated relationship going on? Gothic novels purport to revive old stories and beliefs, exploring personal, psychicalRead MoreEdgar Allan Poe s The Raven, The Black Cat And The Tell Tale Heart ``1158 Words   |  5 Pageshis variety of texts. These texts include The Raven, The Black Cat and The Tell-Tale Heart, all Gothic texts by Poe which have contributed immensely to the Gothic genre. Readers categorise them as works of Gothic literature, but what attributes found in these texts causes it to be classified as Gothic? Poe explores numerous Gothic conventions in his poem, The Raven to signify its acceptance in the Gothic genre. â€Å"In there stepped a stately Raven of the saintly days of yore†, the Raven is a symbolicRead MoreDracula, By Bram Stoker1291 Words   |  6 Pages ​Bram Stoker, author of Dracula, not only creates the early depiction of vampire stories; but writes more to contradict the age old beliefs of women and their role in society. Dracula is more that just a vampire story. There is a deeper level to this. A level in which it can incite change in the way one percieves women. There is a noition that all women were to be the same but Dracula refutes that. Vampire sexuality, as represented in Bram Stoker s Dracula, reveals itself as both a phenomenon that

The Birthplace Of A Nation Essay - 1269 Words

The Birthplace of a Nation A place saturated with history, a symbol of the rich heritage of Texas, the birthplace of a nation—this is â€Å"Independence Hall.† Independence Hall is a little wood building located at the Washington on the Brazos Historic Site in Texas. Although one might not think this little building is important, it is symbolic of an incredible history and the heritage of Texans today. There are many things that make this place important, but this paper will discuss three of them: the history of Independence Hall, what it is today, and the significance and symbolism of this special place. It was late fall in the year 1835 when unrest began brewing in the hearts of many Texans in what was then a part of Mexico. They felt that Mexico had not kept their word regarding the individual rights of her citizens. With the Alamo being under attack by the Mexican army, and Santa Anna on a rampage, 59 brave delegates from all across the land—men such as Sam Houston, David Burnet, Edward Conrad, and George Childress—scheduled a meeting in the city of Washington at a newly built mercantile. Not many of these men were native Texans; in fact, only two of them were (Nance, 2010, (â€Å"Republic of Texas† paragraph 2))! There were men in this group of delegates who were from Ireland, some were from England, and some were from Mexico among other countries. The meeting was scheduled for March 1, 1836. â€Å"It was a very cold day†¦it was thirty-three degrees and the wind was blowing. ItShow MoreRelatedThe Birthplace Of A Nation1180 Words   |  5 PagesThe Birt hplace of a Nation Walking along an old dirt road that was once, in days gone by, a trade route used by Native Americans, my attention is drawn to a simple, little building in the middle of a peaceful field. I can hear the sweet mockingbird’s song, insects buzzing, the odd acorn falling from a tree and hitting the ground with a soft thud, and a gentle rustling of the leaves as the breeze blows through the magnolia trees. To imagine what took place here nearly two hundred years ago is trulyRead MoreNational Identity Is Not Only About Citizenship910 Words   |  4 Pagesaccording to many points. According to McCrone and Bechhofer (2010), national identity is not only about citizenship but also about parentage, birthplace, race and accents to speak the language. For example, the survey practiced for people in England and Scotland about the national identities, respondents placed great importance on the accent, parentage and birthplace to tolerate others as the same subjects. It also demonstrated d ifferent people especially in terms of national identities level, educationalRead MoreAfric The Cradle Of Mankind1571 Words   |  7 PagesEver since the oldest human remains were discovered in Africa, the ‘Cradle of Mankind’, it was establish that Africa was the birthplace of human species. Despite the source of human existence Africa has been plagued with conflicts and problems that was often rooted in European colonization. Due to the sheer mass of Africa many of its countries are categorized as underdeveloped, insubstantial governance, and poor human progression which negatively affects continental growth and poverty reduction.Read MoreSaudi Arabia And The Arab Arabia1279 Words   |  6 Pages Located along the Persian Gulf and Red Sea, is a country by the name of Saudi Arabia, the Middle East’s largest country. Saudi Arabia is officially known as the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA). Given the title â€Å"the birthplace of Islam†, makes Saudi Arabia highly respected in the Middle East and in many other Muslim countries and communities. Composed of over twenty-seven million citizens, Saudi Arabia ranks as the 13th largest country in the world. Business in Saudi Arabia is different than businessRead MoreT.S. Eliot, Langston Hughes and Modern Poetry852 Words   |  4 Pages(â€Å"The Negro Speaks Of Rivers†) of the poem would hint off the speaker’s racial identity, as the word Negro represents the African-American race not only in a universal manner, but in it’s own individual sphere. T.S. Eliot’s essay, mentions that â€Å"every nation, every race, has not its own creative, but its own critical turn of mind†(549). In another s ense, different societies have their own characteristics, however, with a racial mixture, shadowed elements can be formed. If one were to analyze in betweenRead MoreThe World War I And The Treaty Of Versailles862 Words   |  4 Pagesbecause it was the birthplace of Confucius who is like the Jesus Christ or Mohammed in Christianity or Islam. The Treaty of Versailles would not give China what it wanted and it also created a bad taste in the mouth of Germany. At the peace talks, the Chinese had one big request. They wanted their Shandong province returned to them. The province was one of the most important in China. The Shandong province is the most important religious region to the Chinese. It was the birthplace to ConfuciusRead MoreDescriptive Essay : My Hometown872 Words   |  4 Pageseast railway station of the beijing-shanghai high-speed railway. We will go to the expressway of jingtai expressway, and we will travel 15 kilometers to Sishui, south of the south of the south. As the birth of the world s birthplace Academy Confucius s, It is the Chinese nation. For the spread of Confucianism, Shengyuan college promotes Chinese culture and promotes cultural exchanges between China and foreign countries, and will play a unique role, become the world yearning and wisdom where collegeRead MoreCharlemagne : The King Of The Frankish1515 Words   |  7 Pageslikely, except that it contradicts Einhard and a few other sources in making Charlemagne seventy years old at his death [11]. So it can be gathered from sources that Charlemagne was born in the 740’s, but his birthplace is also a topic of much conjecture. It has been suggested that his birthplace was Aachen or liege as these are the areas that the Merovingian and Carolingian dynasties originated from but even Charlemagne’s biographer Einhard did not know for certain and tells us that nothing was writtenRead MoreSaudi Arabia And The Islamic World1648 Words   |  7 Pagesworld takes us back 15 000 to 20000 years. Tribes of hunters and gatherers survived on this land, abolishing hunger through wild animals and plants. Over the centuries, the peninsula has played the role in history as an ancient trade center and the birthplace of Islam, one of the most monotheistic religions that exist in the world, even today! Saudi Arabia is not only the homeland of Arabs, but also the homeland of Islam. The Prophet Muhammad PBUH founded Islam in the two holiest places in the IslamicRead MoreThe King Of The Frankish1509 Words   |  7 Pageslikely, except that it contradicts Einhard and a few other sources in making Charlemagne seventy years old at his death [11]. So it can be gathered from sources that Charlemagne was born in the 740’s, but his birthplace is also a topic of much conjecture. It has been suggested that his birthplace was Aachen or liege as these are the areas that the Merovingian and Carolingian dynasties originated from but even Charlemagne’s biographer Ei nhard did not know for certain and tells us that nothing was written

Pacific Theatre in World War II Free Essays

string(170) " 307 sailors and airmen, while on the Japanese side, they had lost 4 carriers, 1 cruiser, all of their aircraft, and 3,057 sailors and airmen \(â€Å"Battle of Midway†\)\." On 1 September 1939 the country of Germany led by Adolf Hitler invaded Poland using blitzkrieg tactics or in other words â€Å"lightning war†. As Germany is capturing Europe one country at a time Japan is doing the same except with Asia and Japan is also preparing for the attack of the United States naval base on the island of Oahu called Pearl Harbor. The attack on Pearl Harbor caused the United States to declare war on Japan, break isolationism and get deeply involved in World War II. We will write a custom essay sample on Pacific Theatre in World War II or any similar topic only for you Order Now On 7 December 1941 at 7:30 am army privates George Elliot and Joseph Lockard were operating in a radar station when they noticed a large amounts of aircraft incoming but they did not sound the alarm because there was supposed to be a group of B-17 bombers due to Pearl Harbor (Michael 10). At 8:00 am the words â€Å"Tora Tora Tora† sounded over Japanese radios meaning that the Japanese have achieved complete surprise on the Americans and that the attack was a go and the dive bombers started to drop their deadly payloads on the American airfields, aiming specifically for United States war planes (Michael 11). As the Japanese attacked the airfields they also simultaneously attacked the harbor with more dive bombers and torpedo planes equipped with torpedoes specially made for the shallow waters of the harbor (Michael 12). During all of the chaos a dive bomber dropped its deadly payload on to the USS Arizona, with a single bomb hit to the magazine, the whole bow of the ship was severed from the rest and 1,000 men died instantly (Michael 12). At 8:45 am even more Japanese torpedo planes and dive bombers attacked the harbor targeting repair yards and any other ships that the pilots saw. The attack was planned months before 7 December, the Japanese built a model of the actual harbor to help prepare for the attack and they practiced on it until each and every pilot knew exactly which target to hit and how to hit it and until they could achieve an 80% hit rate on the American ships (Michael 47). The task force the Japanese used consisted of 6 aircraft carriers each equipped with hundreds of planes and 20 other ships including battleships, heavy cruisers, destroyers and a few submarines (Michael 49). The attack killed 2,388 Americans and injured another 2,000, the attack destroyed 21 ships out of 92 total in the harbor, nearly 300 American aircraft were destroyed and only 29 Japanese aircraft were destroyed (Reid 219). The Americans were infuriated with the attack, they felt as if they were vulnerable and they wanted the United States government to declare war on Japan. On 8 December 1941 President Franklin D. Roosevelt makes a speech to congress asking them to declare a state of war on Japan. Later that day with a vote of 388 to 1 the United States is at war with Japan. The industry skyrocketed as the United States prepares for war; everything from food to weapons is rationed and made in a method called mass production. On 9 December 1941 Germany and Italy declare war on the United States. The United States is now deeply involved in World War II, but the United States has a difficult decision to make whether or not they should concentrate their forces over in Europe to fight the Italians and Germans or concentrate their forces in the Pacific and get revenge on the Japanese and avenge Pearl Harbor. On 8 April 1942 Lieutenant Colonel James H. Doolittle launched an air attack consisting of B-25 medium range bombers. The attack was designed to inflict damage on Tokyo and to destroy the Japanese morale and avenge Pearl Harbor. The plan was for 16 B-25s to be launched off the coast of Japan and their mission was to bomb the city of Tokyo and land on American air bases in China. Most of the 16 B-25s, each with a five-man crew, attacked the Tokyo area, with a few hitting Nagoya (â€Å"The Doolittle Raid†). However none of the planes made it to China and most of the crews were captured, but this attack was considered a success because it deeply embarrassed the Japanese High Command and it greatly boosted the morale of the Americans, this attack would lead to the desire of the Japanese to completely destroy the American aircraft carriers and would lead to the Japanese defeat in Midway a month later. The Battle of Midway was fought over and near the tiny United States’ mid-pacific base at the Midway island atoll. The objective of the Japanese was to draw out and destroy the Unites States aircraft carrier striking forces which had embarrassed the Japanese in the Doolittle Raid. The Japanese’s plan was to soften up the defenses on Midway, invade it, capture the island and hope that the United States would come out with their aircraft carriers in order to take back the island and the Japanese would the quickly destroy them and have a decisive victory. However, the United States had brilliant code breakers and knew exactly when, where and how the Japanese were going to strike so the Americans were waiting. On 7 June 1942, the Japanese with a force of 4 aircraft carriers, 2 battleships, 15 support ships and 248 carrier based aircraft started the attack. Starting with bombing the American base the Japanese weren’t able to soften up the American defenses well enough because the Americans had knew in advance that Japanese were coming so they built up their defenses and brought in additional reinforcements. As the Japanese were focusing their attacks on the island, the American aircraft carrier strike force consisting of 3 carriers, 7 heavy cruisers, 1 anti-aircraft cruiser, 15 destroyers, 233 carrier based aircraft and 16 submarines attacked the Japanese forces. After 4 days of bitter combat, the Americans had only lost 1 carrier, 1 destroyer, 150 aircraft, and 307 sailors and airmen, while on the Japanese side, they had lost 4 carriers, 1 cruiser, all of their aircraft, and 3,057 sailors and airmen (â€Å"Battle of Midway†). You read "Pacific Theatre in World War II" in category "Papers" The Battle of Midway was a huge success in American code breaking and proving that the use of the aircraft carrier would definitely be a vital resource in the Pacific Theater (â€Å"Battle of Midway†). Three months later the Americans pressed forward setting their eyes on a near Australia called Guadalcanal. This battle would be the first allied offensive on the Empire of Japan. On 7 August 1942 American forces landed on the islands of Guadalcanal, Tulagi, and Florida in the southern Solomon Islands with the objective of denying their use by the Japanese to threaten the supply and communication routes between the US, Australia, and New Zealand. The Allies also intended to use Guadalcanal and Tulagi as bases to support a campaign to eventually capture or neutralize the major Japanese base at Rabal on New Britain (â€Å"Battle of Guadalcanal†). Powerful United States naval forces had supported the landings. Surprised by the Allied offensive, the Japanese made several attempts between August and November 1942 to retake Henderson Field. Three major land battles, seven large naval battles, and continual, almost daily aerial battles culminated in the decisive Naval Battle of Guadalcanal in early November 1942, in which the last Japanese attempt to bombard Henderson Field from the sea and land with enough troops to retake it was defeated. In December 1942, the Japanese abandoned further efforts to retake Guadalcanal and evacuated their remaining forces by 7 February 1943 in the face of an offensive by the US Army’s XIV Corps, securing the island to the Allies. The Americans originally started with a strength of 60,000 men and lost 7,100 while the Japanese forces were almost completely wiped out, starting out with only 36,200 they had lost 32,000 (â€Å"Battle of Guadalcanal†). The Guadalcanal campaign was a significant strategic combined arms victory by Allied forces over the Japanese in the Pacific theatre The Battle of the Philippines was the American campaign that lasted from 1944-1945 and the objective was to completely expel the Imperial Japanese Forces occupying this long chain of islands that was captured by the Japanese during the first half of 1942. The Battle of the Philippines started on 20 October 1944 with the amphibious landings on the eastern Philippine island of Leyte. The operation would last through the end of the war in august of 1945. During this campaign the Japanese showed how desperate they were in not giving up when they started utilizing kamikaze attacks where they would purposely fly planes equipped with explosives into the American forces. This campaign was very successful however, because the Americans had driven out the Japanese and liberated the Philippines. The Battle of Iwo Jima fought on 19 February through 26 March 1945 was a major battle in which the United States Armed Forces fought for and captured the island of Iwo Jima from the Japanese Empire. The American invasion had the goal of capturing the entire island, including its three airfields, to provide a staging area for attacks on the Japanese main islands. This five-week battle comprised some of the fiercest and bloodiest fighting of the War in the Pacific of World War II. After the heavy losses incurred in the battle, the strategic value of the island became controversial. It was useless to the Army as a staging base and useless to the Navy as a fleet base; however it was of limited use by the United States Army Air Force only for emergency landing of planes coming back from missions over Japan. The Japanese positions on the island were heavily fortified, with a large network of bunkers, hidden artillery positions in the mountains, and nearly 11 miles of underground tunnels. This invasion was the first American attack on Japanese home territory, and the Japanese soldiers and marines defended their positions tenaciously with no thought of surrender. The Americans had a force of 70,000 marines and had high losses of 6,821 killed and 19,217 wounded. The Japanese, however had a smaller force of 22,060 soldiers and lost 18,844, but they had nearly 3,000 in hiding until long past the end of the war and because of their extensive network or tunnels and bunkers they were able to inflict heavy damage on the Americans (â€Å"Battle of Iwo Jima). Later in the summer of 1944 the United States had set their eyes on the largest island in the Marianas, Guam. There was a major strategic advantage of Guam because of its very large size and its location to the Japanese mainland mad it ideal for the American forces to establish airfields for B-29 Superfortress long range bombers. Guam, ringed by reefs, cliffs, and heavy surf, presents a formidable challenge for an attacker. But despite the obstacles, on July 21, the Americans landed on both sides of the Orote peninsula on the western side of Guam, planning to cut off the airfield. By nightfall the Americans had established beachheads about 2,000 meters deep, Japanese counter-attacks were made throughout the first few days of the battle, mostly at night, using infiltration tactics. Several times they penetrated the American defenses and were driven back with heavy loss of men and equipment. Rain and thick jungle made conditions difficult for the Americans, but after an engagement at Mount Barrigada from August 2 to August 4, the Japanese line collapsed; the rest of the battle was a pursuit to the north. As in other battles of the Pacific War, the Japanese refused to surrender, and almost all were killed. On August 10, after 3 long weeks of bloody and ferocious fighting, organized Japanese resistance ended, and Guam was declared secure. The Battle of Okinawa was the largest amphibious assault in the Pacific Theatre. The 82-day-long battle lasted from early April until mid-June 1945. After a long campaign of island hopping, the Allies were approaching Japan,  and planned to use Okinawa, a large island only 340 mi away from mainland Japan, as a base for air operations on the planned invasion of Japanese mainland. Okinawa provided a fleet anchorage, troop staging areas, and airfields in close proximity to Japan. The U. S. cleared the surrounding waters of mines in Operation Zebra, occupied Okinawa, and set up the United States Civil Administration of the Ryukyu Islands, a form of military government, after the battle. The Americans started out with 183,000 men and by the end of the battle 12,000 were killed and 38,000 were wounded. The Japanese started out with 160,000 men and more than 110,000 were killed and 7,000 were captured (â€Å"The Battle of Okinawa†). While the Pacific war rages, the United States had conducted many air raids on Japan during World War II, causing extensive destruction to the country’s cities and killing anywhere from 241,000 to 900,000 people. From June 1944 until January 1945, B-29s stationed in India staged through bases in China to make a series of raids on Japan, but this effort proved unsuccessful. The strategic bombing campaign was greatly expanded from November 1944 when bases in the Mariana Islands became available as a result of the Mariana Islands Campaign. The air raids concentrated mainly on industrial facilities but the fire bombings were concentrated on the civilian population since most of the homes were made from paper and wood (â€Å"Skies on fire†). With the attack on Pearl Harbor in 1941 the United States was ultimately forces to break isolationism and get very involve in World War II. From the Doolittle raid in 1942 to the massive bombing campaigns in 1945, from the battle of Midway to the invasion of Okinawa, the United States was very involved in the Pacific theatre and the loss of life was very high. Along with the Pacific Theatre the United States also had a very high death toll in the European Theatre but not as high of one as in the Pacific. Had the Japanese not have attacked Pearl Harbor, the turn out of the war could have been so much different and the United States probably would not have gotten involved until late in the war like they did in World War I How to cite Pacific Theatre in World War II, Essays

Business Management and Marketing Perspectives on Social Media

Question: To understand the impact of SM communications on the attraction of new customers. To examine how important SM communication is on SMEs brand image compared to information from other communication channels or platforms. To explore the effect of SM communications on local Hairdressers in increasing brand awareness. Answer: Introduction The introductory portion of the research is based on introducing the idea on how the presence of advance technology shifting the overall focus and approaches of small medium enterprises in the UK for marketing their goods in a more better way. Because of the technologic changes, the customers are more involved with the marketing communication and they become more aware about the existence of different products and services of organizations (Agresta Bough 2011). The hairdressing companies of the UK from the recent day scenario also develop the explanation based on introduction of Web 2.0 and use of social media platforms. In the course of explanation, the key problem areas associated with the use of social media will also be identified and discussed critically. Based on the process, the major research questions and purposes will be developed. Background of the Research The recent day market sees the presence of tough competition where firms from different industries must need to cope up with the changing needs of the demand and technology to facilitate the survival process (Curtis Giamanco 2010). According to Thorp (2007), the rapid change in the marketing is highly proliferated by the globalisation, changing technologies, and multiple ways of marketing techniques extracted from new locations. In this case, Kumra argued information technology as the primary element to bring change and shifting the power from the marketers to consumers. Online marketing is seen to be spread rapidly and captured the market including the markets of the UK because of the technologic advancement. The use of social media is the crucial element of the online marketing process, which refers posting some substance in the online, virtual, or mobile element (Doyle 2011). According to Agresta and Bough (2010:12), the process of online marketing for the different companies including the small and medium hair, dressing companies of the UK is based on sharing and communicating key marketing messages to a community developed with friends or followers. With the concept of Web 2.0, the user-generated contents are thus socially interacted with the combination of technology in the social media. Therefore, it is evident that companies involving in the hairdressing business are using social media to communicate effectively with the customers in a mean to promote their business (Evans 2012). In this case, it has been observed that Facebook is majorly use to determine the customer feedbacks and queries, whereas Twitter is used to communicate with the fans and posting different brand information and campaign related news. Considering this vital understanding, it can be acknowledged that social media platforms like Facebook, Twitter, and Instagram are providing combined effects to encourage the participation of the users in the marketing process. Problem Statement It is a major fact that there is the involvement of tough competition among the hairdresser businesses within the country of the UK. In order to cope up with the effects tough competition, these firms are required to develop creative and unique marketing messages in order to communicate with the potential and existing employees. Few years back, creating a blog or a profile in the social networking sites like Facebook was considered something new and creative (Kotler Armstrong 2012). Now, with the change of time, these processes have converted into normality, if not to say necessity. Therefore, this specifically identified situation has become the major concern for the small medium enterprises in the country. On the other hand, the presence of large companies from the same industry can also be observed. These firms are also using social media for communicating and attracting new customers. Therefore, actively participating in the digital communication platform has become something essential for the companies within this particular industry in the recent day (Kotler Armstrong 2012). In this particular situation, the companies related to the lack of control by the involvement of social media encounter critical problems. For an example, McDonalds used Twitter to develop their social media campaign for ensuring the users can share and communicate their favourite moments with the company. Instead of that, many users write about the bad things of the foods offered by the company and their grievance with the company. These particular feedbacks affects negatively to the company image, which is needed to deal by the business. Aims and Objectives of the Research The primary aim of developing this research is to investigate the effective way on how the social media can be used as the significant marketing tool to achieve fruitful results by the SMEs under the hairdressing industry (Noor Al-Deen Hendricks 2012). Considering this aim, the objectives of the research will be based on identifying the most useful social media tools from the recent day examples, and how these tools can be utilised in the most viable ways by the local hairdressing companies for developing their advantage. Research Questions Complying with the aims and objectives of the research, the key research questions have been developed, which are portrayed below (Zimmerman Sahlin 2010): What are the critical factors needed to consider by the small and medium sized hairdressers for successfully incorporating the social media in their marketing strategy? What are majorly possible challenges during the use of social media as a marketing process? What are the most effective tools of social media marketing process contributing the hairdressing and fashion industry? Significance of the Research The first and foremost contribution by conducting the research is to the field of marketing and developing marketing strategies. The small and large companies, while not providing emphasis on the hairdressers of local levels in this case developed the previous researches based on utilisation of social media. This particular research investigates how the minor hairdressers in the UK for boosting their growth and financial position (Kotler Armstrong 2012) can use social media marketing. Furthermore, most of the research works lack the materials relative to the SMEs and their approaches regarding the use of social media from the UK context, and this particular research is dedicated to examine these factors significantly. Literature Review Introduction The existing researches help to learn that small and medium enterprise; especially in economically developed countries are the backbone of countrys economy. From few decades, it has been observed that Social media has experienced a tremendous impact. While discussing the impact of Social media on small and medium enterprise, it is necessary to discuss about management and marketing. It is evident that marketing is so basic that it cannot be treated as the separate function. Many of the researchers have stated that marketing is a social and managerial technique based on which the individual and groups derive what they require through creating, offering and exchanging products. Therefore, with the help of marketing concepts social media has play a big role in contributing to success of small and medium enterprise. Thus, it can also be added that marketing is art of creating and satisfying customers at a certain profit. However, it has been observed that business management could pose special challenge and vital opportunities for the marketing managers of small and medium enterprise. This particular chapter focuses on the complex forces that are unnatural to the business environment. In addition, while analyzing the existing literature, it has been observed that business management is considered to be the process of planning, organizing, controlling, motivating and leading an organization or business. A critical discussion of business management and marketing has been represented in the following section. Concept of business management It is evident that changes are occurring at an accelerating rate at the present days and in future, it will be different. Continuing with the present strategies could be risky in marketing; thus, it is necessary for the organizations to implement a new and innovative strategy. The successful organizations in coming future need to focus more on three basic areas such as the global force, which could continue to influence everyones business as well as personal life. Another area, which needs more attention, is the technology and the last area considered as the continuing push as economic sector. However, on this context of marketing Rafols et al. (2012) stated that management is the technique of achieving goals and objectives appropriately and effectively with people. On the contrary Rglinger Pppelbub and Becker (2012) mentioned that management is particular process of designing and maintain an environment based on which the individuals work together to achieve particular aims. From the above-mentioned definition of business management, it can be added that management is the consistent effort look at building an organization and help to developments. Therefore, it can certainly be added that business management includes multiple aspects of management. The concept of business management includes different steps and the implementation of those steps contributes to establish an effective business. The business professionals or the entrepreneur should focus on the steps like decision-making, market analysis, segmentation and leadership quality, etc. From the empirical researches, it has been learnt that marketing deals with addressing and meeting the needs of people. As defined by Bridge and O'Neill (2012), meeting the needs of people profitably is better known as marketing. There have been three different phases through which marketing practices could through are such as entrepreneurial marketing, formulated marketing and Intrepreneurial marketing. As mentioned by Garay and Font (2012), most of the large organizations are started by the individual who plan a new opportunity and knock each door to derive attention. While discussing marketing it is necessary to analyze the business market. The business markets are considered as the market for products and services domestic to international. On the other side Zortea-Johnston, Darroch and Matear (2012) argued that marketing is consisting of management tasks and decision contributing to meet the opportunities and threats in a changing environment. Thus, the marketing management could create an offering, which in turn may include product, price, distribution and marketing communication. In addition, from the concept of marketing, it has been learnt that there have been some other types of marketing such as traditional marketing and modern marketing. As stated by Olszak and Ziemba (2012), the traditional marketing is referred to the process of selling goods and services that are produced. Therefore, all activities, which are concerned with persuasion and selling of goods and services, are also called marketing. On this context, Cerrato and Piva (2012) added that the concept of marketing deals with promotion and sales of products and services and likewise, little amount of attention is also given to customer satisfaction. The impact of social media on small and medium enterprises: Garay and Font (2012) stated that social media is one of the major platforms for promoting the business of various small and medium enterprises. This particular study has primarily concentrated on the hairdressing companies. The primary target audience of these kinds of organizations are young generation. Young people are intensely fascinated with the popularity of media. As a result, these companies get a better feedback from the target consumers. Customers generally tend to make comment on the various products of SMEs be it positive or negative. The service providers even get the opportunity to communicate with the customers through public form. As a result, the organization gets the opportunity to change their business strategy as per the demand of the customers (Becker (2012). Moreover, social media can stretch their widespread wings beyond going any geographical boundary. As a result, small and medium enterprises can get the opportunity to promote their brand in the internationa l field even. At the same time, the impact of social medium is not devoid of some of its negative effects on SMEs as well. Young generation are the primary users of social media. As a result, the company fails to promote their business among various age groups. This is one of the major disadvantages of using social media for the only tool of promotion. The impact of SMEs on attracting the customers A number of researches have been performed on the issue of using social media for developing the business of small and medium enterprise. As mentioned by Durst and Runar Edvardsson (2012), the social media is referred to the medium of communications among people around the world. Through social media people create, share and exchange information in virtual communications as well as networks. Some of the large social media platforms are such as Facebook, YouTube and LinkedIn. The recent study helps to learn that due to the influence of these large mediums almost 75% o of the marketers or the business owners turned to social media platforms (Orugsa, ODonohue and Hecker 2012). The survey performed in 2013 by LinkedIn and the researches help to know that there is hyper growth in business. The firms have also experienced a considerable revenue growth over last few years. As per the records revealed by SM, the organizations are making a large investment on social media. As stated by Kuivalainen et al. (2012), 65% of high performance small business reveals they have spent more on social media as well as social ads. On the other side 42% of small business did the same but experienced a poor growth. Furthermore, the marketers revealed that fast growing small business find social media as one of the effective marketing tools. On this context, Garay and Font (2012) stated that social media efforts contribute to strengthen the position of business in the market. In order to add a bit of oxygen to the above-mentioned argument, Bridge and O'Neill (2012) stated that social media platforms help marketers to generate new leads. Benefits of social media for business It has been observed that a small and medium scale could gain a large amount of benefits through social media in diverse ways. The type of benefits, which can be earned are such as productivity benefits, increase in customers, greater knowledge pool, etc (Rafols et al. 2012). It is observed that when business starts to use social media as marketing tool by forming a strong digital presence. The business could gain the productivity as the businesses have the ability to reach a competitive market over internet. In addition, this could help further to bring the increase in business as mentioned by Olszak and Ziemba (2012). Furthermore, Cerrato and Piva (2012) stated that the use of social media could eliminate the nature of slow and expensive production with the help of real time data. Garay and Font (2012) also added that social media platform could provide the insight the organization require to learn about customers dynamics and motivations, which could in turn in help in reaching th e wide campaigns. From the existing researches, it has been identified that small and medium businesses have the ability to maximize the number of potential customers as they take the advantages of social media. One of the major example provided by Bridge and O'Neill (2012) stating that when one of the customers hits like button on organizations page on social site, it is evident that customers other friends could see that they are influenced. In addition to this, with the help of social media, the organization could share valuable information about their products and services or the launching of new products. Due to the development of technology, people spend plenty of time on social media. Thus, business organizations find it easy to create awareness among people about a particular product or services with the help of social media. Use of social media on business: The social media platform can be used for multiple reasons. However, sharing of information is one of the major purposes the organization focuses on. There are numerous ways of using social media stating from business to consumers, business-to-business, government to citizens, etc. The process of business to consumer helps to learn that business takes the advantages of social media to reach out the customers. This could help the organization to increase the return on investment as mentioned by Garay and Font (2012). On the other side, in government to citizens, the governments could take the advantages of social media to ask its members of the public about their opinion on multiple policies. Through the implementation of this initiative, the social media could help to bring the citizens to share their ideas in forming the nation and maximizing the impact as mentioned by Rafols et al. (2012). Summary: On the conclusion of this chapter, it can be mentioned that social media play an important role in exposing any business to the limelight. On this context, small and medium organizations are a step ahead as by making small investment on promotion they could create awareness among people regarding a particular product and services within a short period with the help of social media. The existing researches also help to learn that there have been certain ways of using social media. The effective use of social media contributes a lot to set up a small business in the competitive market. Research Methodology Introduction: The systematic process of research methodology helps to collect sufficient data and information by using appropriate research philosophy, approach and design. Implementing various methods with the research work, the researcher is able to gather necessary data in order to complete the research work systematically (Bryman and Bell 2015). Various sources of data have also been used in this particular chapter. Both the primary and secondary source of data has been collected in this specific chapter. In this assignment, the researcher has utilized appropriate sampling techniques in order to gather knowledge how social media has a greater impact on the small or medium enterprises especially on the hairdressers in Nottingham. Method Outline: In this particular section, the researcher has clarified about the use research philosophy, approach and design. In order to gather knowledge and information regarding the impact of social media on the small and the medium enterprises, the researcher has used positivism philosophy (Cohen, Manion and Morrison 2013). Apart from that, deductive approach has been used as this particular approach is based on the case study. Descriptive research design has helped the researcher to provide necessary data about how people have showed their reaction on the influence of social media on the different small enterprises. Research Onion: Research onion is the stage that is consisted with six stages. The six stages include research philosophy, approach, design, strategy, choice, time horizon, techniques, and the procedures. Research onion primarily helps the researcher to conduct the research work systematically. One-step is inseparably related to the other. Figure: Research onion (Source: Saunders et al. 2009) Research Philosophy: This process likes to follow a systematic path that helps the researcher to increase the information in detailed (Bryman 2015). Applying this particular process of research methodology, the researcher is to know the importance of social media communication such as facebook, twitter in order to know the brand image of small and medium enterprises. Research philosophy is of different kinds that include Positivism, interpretivism, realism, constructivism and participatory. The reason for choosing one particular research philosophy The researcher has selected positivism philosophy. As per the positivism philosophy, research is based on repeated observation (Eggers et al. 2013). Numerous positivists believe that the observation of a human being is repeatable but the phenomenon is isolated. While conducted the research, the researcher has received the opportunity to directly observe the response of people in general how they have been benefited and facilitated at the popularity of social media (Dahnil et al. 2014). Moreover, the researcher has also pointed out the fact that this particular form of research philosophy is not that much cost effective. This specific philosophy is primarily based on direct observation. Research Approach A proper research approach will assist the researcher to carry out the research project effectively. It is able to evaluate various theories and practices regarding the impact of social media for expanding the business process of small enterprises (Brown 2015). Research approach is the primarily constituted with two types that include deductive approach and inductive approach. Justification of the chosen research approach For this particular research paper, the researcher has opted for deductive approach and rejected inductive approach. Deductive approach helps the researcher to collect the knowledge in an explicit way (Harrigan and Miles 2014). As a result, this particular process is very much straight to the point. Consequently, the researcher can collect data and information with in brief time. Therefore, the advantages of social media in order to enhance the brand image of small and medium enterprises have been directly highlighted in this particular topic. Research Design Research design is one of the most effective processes of research methodology that helps to increase the evaluation as well as information in the research framework (Heckman and Navarro-Lozano 2014). By applying research design, the researcher is able to collect appropriate data and information regarding the project issue. Research design has primarily been divided into three stages that include exploratory, explanatory and descriptive research design. Justification of the chosen research design Descriptive research design has been selected as the appropriate way of research process due to some advantages. With the help of this particular process, the researcher is able to make sampling methods in order to gather information from the various customers of small enterprises. Customers have provided necessary responses regarding the impact of social media on them (Holloway and Wheeler 2013). Therefore, this particular process allows the researcher to complete the project systematically. Data collection procedure Data collection procedure is one of the most effective techniques of research methodology that helps immensely for gathering sufficient information and knowledge inside the process of work (Kitchin and Tate 2013). Data collection technique has been divided into two parts that includes primary data and secondary. Source of data: primary and secondary Primary data collection procedure has been maintained by making an effective survey and interview process. The researcher gets the opportunity to collect an overview on the topic from the primary data collection method (Mackey and Gass 2015). Questionnaires have been formed for the participants. The researcher likes to circulate those questionnaires in order to collect an immediate feedback from the participants. On the other hand, secondary data has been collected from various book reviews, journals, magazines, newspaper and so many. Qualitative and Quantitative data collection: Primary data has been primarily divided into parts that include qualitative data and quantitative data. Qualitative data has been made through survey and questionnaires. In this research, fifty customers in the hairdressing companies in Nottingham have been chosen. They have been thrown several questions in order to collect an immediate response (Merriam and Tisdell 2015). On the other hand, the researcher has made an interview with the ten local barbers in Nottingham. They have made an effective interaction for ten minutes. The local barbers have expressed their point of view (Meske and Stieglitz 2013). The researcher has come to know the impact of social media for flourishing the business of small and medium enterprises. Moreover, the barbers have also opined the fact that social media plays a major role in order to promote their business as well. Sampling method and techniques: Sampling methods help the researcher to gather information by involving the participants. Sampling methods have been divided into two types primarily that include probability sampling and non-probability sampling. With the help of probability sampling methods, the participants have been chosen randomly (Michaelidou, Siamagka and Christodoulides 2011). A large number of people have been involved in the participation in order to collect their response. On the other hand, non-probability sampling is very much specific. A limited number of people have been involved for expression their opinion. Justification for the chosen sampling technique: In this particular project, probability-sampling technique has been selected. With the help of probability sampling technique, the researcher has selected a large number of customers from hair dressing company of Nottingham (Nakara, Benmoussa and Jaouen 2012). The social media as a tool of promoting the business process of small enterprises have played a major role. The researcher is able to collect immense data and information from probability sampling methods and techniques. Ethical consideration: The overarching term ethical consideration has mentioned the fact that the researcher has to follow all the ethics and values while conducting the research work. Data that have been collected from the various sources have to be true and authentic. Moreover, the researcher has to maintain data protection act strictly (Ramdani, Chevers and Williams 2013). No data should be disclosed in front of any third party without the permission of the concerned person. Moreover, the researcher should not force any of the participants for providing data. In this particular research, the researcher has tried to follow every ethical consideration strictly (Rauniar et al. 2014). In addition, the data that the researcher has collected so far have been kept protected maintaining confidentiality. While conducting the interview with ten local barbers, the researcher has never intended to force any of them for proving information (Ray 2014). The barbers have willingly expressed their opinion about the impa ct of social media on the small and medium enterprises. Time Horizon: Time horizon has assured the detailed structure of the activity of a particular research work. With the help of this brief structure, the researcher comes to know how the entire procedure of research has been followed (Robson and McCartan 2016). The timeframe of research activity has been clearly mentioned in the chart. Summary: The entire chapter is endowed with the research process. Different kinds of research methodology have been used in order to conduct the project systematically. Post positivism philosophy, deductive approach and descriptive research design have been used in this specific work (Rutsaert et al. 2013). Moreover, primary source of data collection technique has been used here. The researcher has intended to take the help of both quantitative data and qualitative data. After that, the probability sampling technique has been chosen to collect necessary data and information. Therefore, this particular chapter has provided an in-depth understanding on the various processes of research methodologies in order to complete the project successfully. Data Analysis and Findings Introduction: In this particular chapter, the researcher has intended to analyse the entire data and information that have been collected so far. Data have been analysed based on the survey and interview. Six questionnaires have been structured for the hundred customers in order to get an immediate feedback. On the other hand, three questions have been formed for the ten local barbers of Nottingham. As a result, the researcher has collected enough information for accomplishing the project successfully. Quantitative data analysis: The questions that have formed for the fifty customers of small business enterprises are as follows: Question 1: How far do you believe that the small and medium enterprises have been benefited for social media? Option Number frequency Percentage of people Total respondents Strongly agree 20 40% 50 Agree 10 20% 50 Neutral 2 4% 50 Disagree 15 30% 50 Strongly disagree 3 6% 50 Table 1: The level of people who believe that the small and medium enterprises have been benefited for social media Graph 1: The level of people who believe that the small and medium enterprises have been benefited for social media Findings: From this particular data analysis, it has been observed that 40% people have strongly believed that SMEs have achieved a strong platform by using social media as one of the major tools for promoting the business. At the same time 30% customers have denied the fact also. Question 2: How far do you believe that small and medium enterprises have utilized the popularity of new media in true sense? Option Number frequency Percentage of people Total respondents Strongly agree 10 20% 50 Agree 3 6% 50 Neutral 2 4% 50 Disagree 20 40% 50 Strongly disagree 15 30% 50 Table 2: The level of people who believe that small and medium enterprises have utilized the popularity of new media in true sense Graph 2: The level of people who believe that small and medium enterprises have utilized the popularity of new media in true sense Findings: n this particular question, it has been noticed that 40% people have denied the fact that SMEs are able to utilize the popularity of media properly. 30% people have strongly disagreed the fact. As per their point view, many small enterprises are there which do not intend to utilize the platform of social media. Question 3: Which kinds of customers are primarily influenced on the impact of social media? Option Number frequency Percentage of people Total respondents 10-15 age group 10 20% 50 15-25 age group 15 30% 50 25-35 age group 20 40% 50 35-50 age group 2 4% 50 Above 50 age 3 6% 50 Table 3: The age group of the customers who are primarily influenced on the impact of social media Graph 3: The age group of the customers who are primarily influenced on the impact of social media Findings: In this question, it has been observed that 40% customers who have been influenced with the social media platform are from the age group of 25 to 35. 30% customers are from 15 to 25. The persons who are above 50 ages have not showed their interest to use the platform of social media. Question 4: How far do you believe that the impact of social media is only applicable for the young generation primarily? Option Number frequency Percentage of people Total respondents Strongly agree 20 40% 50 Agree 15 30% 50 Neutral 2 4% 50 Disagree 10 20% 50 Strongly disagree 3 6% 50 Table 4: The level of people who believe that the impact of social media is only applicable for the young generation primarily Graph 4: The level of people who believe that the impact of social media is only applicable for the young generation primarily Findings: From the forth question, the researcher has found that 40% customers believe the fact that the influence of social media is only applicable for the young generation. Younger generation is very much accustomed with the advancement of technology. On the other hand, only 6% customers have denied the fact. Question 5: How far do you believe that small enterprises should utilize other mediums as well in order to draw the attention of all kinds of customers? Option Number frequency Percentage of people Total respondents Strongly agree 15 30% 50 Agree 10 20% 50 Neutral 3 6% 50 Disagree 20 40% 50 Strongly disagree 2 4% 50 Table 5: The level of people who believe that small enterprises should utilize other mediums as well in order to draw the attention of all kinds of customers Graph 5: The level of people who believe that small enterprises should utilize other mediums as well in order to draw the attention of all kinds of customers Findings: From the fifth question, it has been observed that 40% people have disagreed the matter that small enterprises should utilize other medium as well. It would help them to promote their business in different geographical areas. On the contrary, 4% people have strongly denied the matter. They still believe the fact that the value of new media has a special preference in order to provide a better platform for the sales promotions of SMEs. Question 6: To what extend do you believe that customers of SMEs are also facilitated by using the various tools of social media? Option Number frequency Percentage of people Total respondents Strongly agree 20 40% 50 Agree 10 30% 50 Neutral 3 6% 50 Disagree 15 30% 50 Strongly disagree 2 4% 50 Table 6: The level of people who believe that customers of SMEs are also facilitated by using the various tools of social media Graph: The level of people who believe that customers of SMEs are also facilitated by using the various tools of social media Findings: In the last question, the researcher has noticed the fact that 40% people have strongly believed that the customers are also benefited and facilitated using the various tools of social media. Only 4% people have denied the fact. Therefore, most of the customers have accepted the statement thrown by the researcher. Analysis of the quantitative data From the above findings, the researcher has analysed the fact that social media have seriously left a major contribution for promoting the business standard of SMEs. The researcher has also noticed the fact that the users of social media are primarily from the young generation. As a result, the people of different age group have to be deprived of beholding the promotional activities of SMEs. Not only the companies but also the consumers have also been facilitated after using the social media platform. The researcher has noticed that a large number of customers believe electronic media is also one of the biggest platforms to be familiar with the brands and products of the SMEs. Hairdressing companies can promote their various hairstyles and designs with the help of electronic media as well. At the same time, the researcher has acknowledged that most of the young generations show their interest for innovative hairstyles. Therefore, social media has been considered as one of the biggest platforms to draw the attention of the young generation. Qualitative data analysis: Applying qualitative data analysis technique, the researcher has made an effective interview with the ten local barbers in Nottingham. The barbers have shared their opinion how the impact of social media have been used by the SMEs in order to create a demand in the market. Primarily the researcher has thrown three questions to ten barbers. The questions are as follows: Question 1: What are the critical factors that small and medium sized hairdressers consider for incorporating the social media in their marketing strategy? In this particular question one of the senior hairdressers has commented that social media is definitely a major platform for increasing the sales promotion of the organization. A large number of people intend to use social media for acquiring knowledge about the products of different small and medium enterprises. Another barber opined that the customers are from beyond any specific geographical boundary. People of different culture and background can get an overview about the brand image of the organization. As a result, the product has been raised to the people of different kind. Consequently, the target audience become vast and wider. Question 2: What are the challenges that SMEs have to face for using social media as a part of marketing process? In this particular question, the researcher has collected two different opinions. One of the senior hairdressers has commented that the realm of social media is much wider. The organizations have to face immense challenges while promoting their business. The users of social media are primarily from the young generation. As a result, they have to face immense struggle in order to reach the entire target market. As a result, the brand cannot reach to the people of different ages if the organization becomes dependent only on social media. Electronic media is also a wide platform to reach the target group. Question 3: What are the tools of social media marketing process that contributes hairdressing and fashion industry? As per the point of view of an experienced hairdresser, SMEs should utilize the major tools of social media like facebook, twitter, buffer, Instragram, Linkdin for promoting their business in the global market. Customers get the opportunity to behold various brands and products from social media. Promotion is the pillar of success for any kind of business. In order to reach the product to the target group, the organizations have to be responsible to promote the concept of their brand and product to the people. Therefore, SMEs have to take more initiatives to use the platform of social media properly. Only social media can help the organizations to transmit their brand image to the international consumers. Summary: The entire chapter has dealt with the data analysis and findings. Both the qualitative and quantitative sources of data have been chosen for analysing the information properly. The researcher has formed six questions. The feedback from the SMEs customers has been collected in order to analyse the data. Qualitative data analysis has been conducted by taking an effective interview with ten barbers. The researcher has collected sufficient data and information from the response of the hairdressers also. Conclusion and Recommendation Conclusion: The entire research has dealt with the impact of social media on SMEs in UK. Especially the study has focused to highlight the impact of social media on hairdressing companies in UK. Different objectives have been set up in order to conduct the project successfully. Social media is able to stretch its wide spread wings to the people from any geographical boundary. Moreover, the consumers of every culture and background have been entertained to watch the promotional activities of different SMEs (Seidman 2013). In addition, hairdressing companies primarily aims to draw the attention of young generation. As a result, the companies have intended to use the platform of social media for promoting their business (Silverman 2013). Not only the SMEs, but also the consumers of SMEs also have been highly benefited by social media. They get the opportunity to behold different kinds of new products and concepts of the company through social media. With the help of public forum, the consumers can directly contact with the service providers (Smith 2015). The service providers like to give an immediate response to the customers. As a result, the communication between the customers and the organization providers becomes very strong. In this particular research, the researcher has highlighted how social media helps the SMEs to enhance their entire business process. The researcher aims to find out whether social media is effective for any kind of consumers or for a particular age group (Taylor, Bogdan and DeVault 2015). Different research methodologies have been used for collecting sufficient data and information regarding this particular issue. Moreover, the researcher has analysed those data based on the findings. Both qualitative and quantitative source of data collection method have been selected in order to condu ct the project successfully (Tesch 2013). In addition, the researcher has maintained all the ethical considerations while conducting the research. The data that have been collected from the various sources are accurate and true. Recommendation After dealing with the issue intimately, the researcher has preferred to provide some of the major recommendations (Zhou and Wang 2014). SMEs have been suggested to utilize the popularity of social media properly. As per the point of view of the researcher, many SMEs are still existed in UK, which do not intend to focus in promoting their business properly (Thomas, Silverman and Nelson 2015). As a result, the customers fail to know about the brand and the image of their product (Yin 2013). In order to overcome this kind of situation, the small and medium business enterprises should focus on media (Vatrapu 2013). Especially, Hairdressing Company should focus on the young generation in particular. Therefore, they should fully utilize the popularity of social media so that their business plans and designs can spread in the global market (Wagner, Vollmar and Wagner 2014). Moreover, the researcher has highlighted on one particular point as well. The promotional strategy of different SMEs should be made in such a way that it can easily attract the international customers (Wamba and Carter 2013). Social media provides the opportunity to interact with the customers of any geographical boundary. As a result, the theme or subject of their promotion should not be biased (Wasike 2013). The subject should be prepared for people of every culture and religion in order to reach the maximum target consumers. Limitation of the Study Every research work is possessed with some of the major limitations. This particular study is not exceptional to that. In this particular research, the primary focus of the researcher has remained to discuss on the positive impact of social media in promoting the business of different SMEs. At the same time, the project has not highlighted some of the major disadvantages of social media for the sales promotion of a business. Moreover, the researcher has intended to select only fifty consumers for making a survey. Fifty consumers are not sufficient enough to collect sufficient data and information for a successful research work. Future scope of the study Some of the relevant future scopes of the study have been discussed in the research project in order to make the paper more accurate and systematic. While conducting an interview, the researcher should make an effective interaction from next time. Only ten minutes interaction is not sufficient for collecting proper data and information. Moreover, the negative effects of using social media for the business promotion should also be pointed out in future study. Mentioning only positive sides is not enough to conclude a paper successfully. In addition, at least hundred consumers should be involved in order to collect necessary data and information for the research project. If the researcher can consider these factors, the level of project would definitely create a different standard. Reference List: Agresta, S., Bough, B. 2011.Perspectives on social media marketing. Boston, MA: Course Technology. 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